Providing good and safe patient care requires more than medical knowledge and technical skills. It becomes more challenging for team members to extract relevant information from other team members and individuals, communicate this information, and make joint decisions. However, in such situations, increased stress levels can disrupt good communication and cooperation. To successfully navigate such situations, good communication and cooperation are essential. Especially in complex and acute emergency situations, environmental and patient conditions can easily alter judgments and affect both individual and team decision-making. One of the challenges in medical practice is that health care professionals perform interdependent tasks, with different roles and responsibilities, sharing the common goals of quality and safety in care. In health care, many adverse events are associated with systematic issues and human error, such as problems in communication and lack of leadership. Studies in a variety of fields have established the benefits of both teamwork in itself and training in team-based skills such as interdependent collaboration, communication, and shared decision-making. For the team to achieve its goals, team members must perform both taskwork (meaning specific work-related activities) and teamwork, including sharing knowledge, coordinating behaviors, and trusting one another. Teams may exist offline and on the web, including groups of individuals in different locations brought together by technology to accomplish a common goal or task. A team may be defined as “two or more persons with a common goal that requires interdependence and adaptive functioning”. Across the globe, in high-stakes environments (such as aviation, nuclear power industries, and health care), teams work together to prevent harm.
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